37. Oliver Zunz, Why American Century; Martin Bulmer, Kevin Bales and Kathryn Kish Sklar(eds.), The Social Survey in Historical Perspective, 1880-1940, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991；罗杰斯，《大西洋的跨越：进步时代的社会政治》。

38. 前文提到，Christopher Loss认为大学是美国首要的准国家，对此笔者有所不解。美国大学的社会功能多样而复杂，其中一些是在通常定义下的国家职能之外；而且大学在文化和意识形态上必然蕴涵疏离甚至抗拒国家的潜在倾向和实际要素。而美国基金会的业务和职能在其他国家则大多可以视为在国家的范围之内。

39. Olivier Zunz, Philanthropy in America: A History, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012; James A. Smith, The Idea Brokers: Think Tank and the Rise of the New Policy Elite, New York: The Free Press, 1991.

40. 参见Sally Gregory Kohlstedt, “Institutional History”, Osiris, 2nd Series, Vol.1, Historical Writing on American Science, 1985, pp.17-36

41. Thomas L. Haskell, The Emergence of Professional Social Science: The American Social Science Association and the Nineteenth-Century Crisis of Authority, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1977

42. Kenton Worcester, Social Science Research Council, 1923-1998, New York: Social Science Research Council, 2001; Donald Fisher, Fundamental Development of the Social Sciences: Rockefeller Philanthropy and the United States Social Science Research Council, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1993; William Tobin, “Studying Society: The Making of Recent Social Trends in the United States, 1929-1933”, Theory and Society, Vol. 24, No. 4, August 1995, pp. 537-565; Solomon Fabricant, Toward a Firmer Basis of Economic Policy: The Founding of the National Bureau of Economic Research, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1984; Guy Alchon, The Invisible Hand of Planning: Capitalism, Social Science, and the State in the 1920s, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.